·Song Dynasty

先天下之忧而忧xiān tiān xià zhī yōu ér yōu

What does 先天下之忧而忧 mean?

A person of duty worries before the world worries and rejoices only after the world rejoices; put others first, yourself last

zhēnzhèngyǒurèngǎnderénhuìxiānwèitiānxiàréndekùnnándānyōubiéréndeyàofàngzàideānqiánmiàn

Historical origin

Fan Zhongyan received a letter and a painting of the newly rebuilt Yueyang Tower from his friend Teng Zijing, who asked him to write an essay about it. Although Fan Zhongyan had never seen the tower, he studied the painting and wrote about how the same lake could make different people feel sad or joyful. He then answered what a true official should do: worry before the people worry, and rejoice only after the people rejoice.

范仲淹 · Fan Zhongyan送信小童 · Young letter-carrier滕子京 · Teng Zijing

How do you use 先天下之忧而忧 in a sentence?

Our class monitor stayed after school to help everyone finish the project first. She really lives the meaning of 先天下之忧而忧.

menbānzhǎngfàngxuéhòuliúxiàláixiānbāngjiāwánchéngxiàngzhēnshìxiāntiānxiàzhīyōuéryōudejīngshén

Common mistake

Do not use this idiom for someone who is simply anxious about their own problems. It praises a person who puts the public's needs first, not someone who worries about everything.

yàozhèchéngyòngláixíngróngzhǐshìzàidānxīnshìqíngderénzànyángdeshìjiādeyàofàngzàiqiánmiànderénshìzhǐshénmedōujiāoderén

More examples and usage guide

The illustrated storybook

Fan Zhongyan is in exile again when he is asked to write an essay for the Yueyang Tower. He writes about rain, and autumn, and the lake below. Then he writes the line that will outlast him by a thousand years: a true official worries before the people worry, and only rejoices after they rejoice. He wrote it in exile. He meant every word.

(fàn)(zhòng)(yān)(zài)()(shēn)(xiàn)(biǎn)(zhé)(què)(shòu)(yāo)(wèi)(yuè)(yáng)(lóu)(zuò)()()(xiě)(le)(fēng)()(xiě)(le)(qiū)()(xiě)(le)(lóu)(xià)(de)()(rán)(hòu)()(xiě)(xià)(le)()()(chuán)(sòng)(qiān)(nián)(de)(huà)(xiān)(tiān)(xià)(zhī)(yōu)(ér)(yōu)(hòu)(tiān)(xià)(zhī)()(ér)()()(zài)(liú)(fàng)(zhōng)(xiě)(xià)(zhè)()(huà)()()()()()(dōu)(shì)(zhēn)(xīn)

Cover illustration for Worry Before the World Worries · 先天下之忧而忧
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智慧典故系列 · Wisdom Series · Tales of China

先天下之忧而忧 (xiān tiān xià zhī yōu ér yōu) · "Worry Before the World Worries" · Chinese 俗语 Meaning · Tales of China